Ethics of Investigation

Authors should make sure that the manuscript is designed according to the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration as revised in 1975, otherwise the manuscript will not be accepted for publication or will be rejected later. .

Single Blinded Review:
Smith and Franklin Academic Publishing Corporation believes in a fair and rigorous review process. Therefore, all submitted manuscripts will be reviewed by at least three experts in the appropriate field, determined by the Editor of the journal. The names of the reviewers will not be displayed on the manuscript and will not be disclosed to any authors.

Appeal of Decision
Authors have the right to appeal against the Editor's decision in writing to the Editorial Office stating the reasons for appealing against the decision with evidence and supporting data.

Permissions
In case any part (e.g. table or figure) of the submitted manuscript has been taken from previously published work, it is the responsibility of the authors to obtain permission either from the publishers or from the authors depending on the copyright ownership. Smith and Franklin Academic Publishing Corporation can demand this permission anytime, pre- or post-publication of the study.

List of Potential Referees
The list of at least three foreign experts from western/industrially developed countries( such as USA, UK, Australia, Canada, Continental Europe etc). No Pakistani experts, nor even expatriates, are acceptable.The reviewers should also not belong to the institution/ university from where the article has been submitted, with full names, designation, affiliation and functional email addresses may be included. Failing to provide the addresses may delay the processing of the manuscript.

Plagiarism Policy
The Editorial Office will strictly monitor text plagiarism and obvious fraudulent data prior to the review process and if plagiarism is detected at this stage or later, the manuscript will be rejected and will not be reconsidered in any journal published independently or in association with Smith and Franklin Academic Publishing Corporation, UK.

Submission
Submit your manuscript through the eSubmit (left side of this page OR LOG-IN icone at the right top corner of this page). For any technical issues during submission please contact us at journals@smithandfranklin.com.

Terms of Submission
While submitting your manuscripts you must ensure that: • The manuscript is not being considered elsewhere for publication. • All authors have approved the publication of this manuscript. • The relevant institution has approved the submission, if required. • The authors permit editing of the paper for readability. According to our revised policy the following articles will NOT be considered for publication in PJZ Case Reports Meta-analyses Empirical Reviews Articles exclusively based on Bioinformatics Articles from Clinical Sciences without any substantial molecular mechanism involvement. Description of already known animal species. Articles exclusively based on New Records.

Types of Manuscript

Research Article:
An article containing full detail of findings. It should consist of Title Page, Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion (Results and Discussion can be combined), Acknowledgements, Authors's Contributions, References, Tables, and finally Figure Legends.

Short Communication: A shorter version of manuscript. Short Communications may be published more rapidly. It should consist of Title Page, Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion (or Results and Discussion), Acknowledgements, Author's Contributions, References, Tables, and finally Figure Legends.

Mini-review: These should focus on an emerging topic in the field. Prior permission from the Editor is mandatory. There is no specific format of different sections.

Review: Should comprehensively focus on an emerging topic, which fit into the scope of the journal. Prior permission from the Editor is mandatory. There is no specific format of different sections.
Formatting of the manuscript:Title and Authorship Information Page (first page of the manuscript) • Title of the manuscript • Full names of author(s) • Full institutional mailing addresses • Email address(es), telephone and fax number of corresponding author(s)

Abstract: The manuscript should contain an abstract. Abstracts shall not contain any references and should clearly and accurately summarize the main focus of the study. The word count should be under 250 words.

Introduction:This section should summarize existing literature sufficiently so that the readers understand the background of the findings. At the end, the introduction should contain the objectives of the study. Authors may use subheadings, if necessory.

Materials and Methods:
his part should contain sufficient experimental and analytical details so that any readers can repeat the procedures without consulting the author of the study. To have better understanding of the methodologies, it is recommended that this section be divided under different subheadings.

Results and Discussion:
This section may be divided by subheadings or may be combined depending upon the nature of manuscript and the type of study.

Conclusions:
This section should clearly explain the main conclusions of the work. It should not be more than one paragraph and should not repeat the text presented earlier in the text. Efforts should be made to highlight the importance and relevance of the study.

Acknowledgments:
All acknowledgments (if any) should be included in the manuscript before the Reference section and may include supporting grants etc.

Authors Contributions:
he manuscript must clearly state the contribution of each author and should convince editors that each author has contributed significantly to the study.

Conflict of Interest:
In cases where no conflicts of interests exist, authors should state that “The author(s) declare(s) that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this article”. Otherwise, they should mention any conflict of interest in this section of the manuscript.

References:
References in the text should be mentioned as Smith, 2005 (when there is single author) or Smith and Franklin, 2005 (when there are two authors) or Smith et al., 2005 (when there are more than two authors). The names of the journals should be abbreviated according to the latest edition of the World List of Scientific Periodicals. The reference in the Reference List shall be arranged alphabetically as mentioned below for each categories: Journal Mauer, J., Chaurasia, B., Goldau, J., Vogt, M.C., Ruud, J., Nguyen, K.D., Theurich, S., Hausen, A.C., Schmitz, J., Brönneke, H.S., Estevez, E., Allen, T.L., Mesaros, A., Partridge, L., Febbraio, M.A., Chawla, A., Wunderlich, F.T., Bruning, J.C., 2014. Signaling by IL-6 promotes alternative activation of macrophages to limit endotoxemia and obesity-associated resistance to insulin. Nature Immunol., 15: 423-430. Book Munir, M., 2002: Mononegaviruses of veterinary importance. Volume I: Pathobiology and molecular diagnosis: 1st edn. CABI, UK. Chapter in Edited Book Gnanadurai, C. W., Lyon, D. C., Jackson, A. C., Fu, Z. F., 2014: Rabies Virus. In: Munir, M (eds), Mononegaviruses of veterinary importance. Volume I: Pathobiology and molecular diagnosis, 1nd edn. pp. 209-221. CABI, UK. PhD thesis Author, A., 2003: Thesis title with lower case initials to all words. PhD thesis, University, Town, Country. Web Page Global Alliance for Research on Avian Diseases, 2014: Partners Available at: http://garad.org/ (accessed 7 Jan 2014).

Preparation of Figures:
Figures should be submitted in separate files and should be uploaded to the online submission system (eSubmit) along with the manuscript. All figures should be cited in the paper in consecutive order. Figures should be supplied in .jpg or jpeg formats.

Preparation of Tables:
Tables should be submitted in separate files and should be uploaded to the online submission system (eSubmit) along with the manuscript. Tables should be cited consecutively in the text and should not be abbreviated.

Proofs:
The formatted galley proof will be sent to corresponding authors only and should be returned within 2-3 days of receipt. It is the responsibility of the corresponding authors to consult the other authors for corrections and proof reading.